Strange 'conehead' skeleton unearthed at Russia's Stonehenge: Elongated head was bound in tribal tradition 2,000 years ago Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3176210/Strange-skeleton-unearthed-Russia-s-Stonehenge-Elongated-head-probably-bound-tribal-tradition-2-000-years-ago.html#ixzz3lrgK43Dn Follow us: @MailOnline on Twitter | DailyMail on Facebook

A skeleton with an unusual-shaped skull has been unearthed on a site known as Russia's Stonehenge.

When images of the remains were first published, UFO enthusiasts rushed to claim they were proof that aliens had once visited Earth.

But archaeologists have revealed that the bones belong to a woman who lived almost 2,000 years ago and had an elongated skull because it was bound out of tribal tradition...

Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3176210/Strange-skeleton-unearthed-Russia-s-Stonehenge-Elongated-head-probably-bound-tribal-tradition-2-000-years-ago.html#ixzz3lrgPEJIF
Follow us: @MailOnline on Twitter | DailyMail on Facebook

Scientists Prove Hobbit/Dmanisi Detractors Wrong for the Hundredth Time

Bayesian analysis of a morphological supermatrix sheds light on 
controversial fossil hominin relationships. 

Mana Dembo, Nicholas J. Matzke, Arne O. Mooers, Mark Collard. 

Abstract 

The phylogenetic relationships of several hominin species remain 
controversial. Two methodological issues contribute to the 
uncertainty—use of partial, inconsistent datasets and reliance on 
phylogenetic methods that are ill-suited to testing competing 
hypotheses. Here, we report a study designed to overcome these issues. 
We first compiled a supermatrix of craniodental characters for all 
widely accepted hominin species. We then took advantage of recently 
developed Bayesian methods for building trees of serially sampled tips 
to test among hypotheses that have been put forward in three of the 
most important current debates in hominin phylogenetics—the 
relationship between Australopithecus sediba and Homo, the taxonomic 
status of the Dmanisi hominins, and the place of the so-called hobbit 
fossils from Flores, Indonesia, in the hominin tree. Based on our 
results, several published hypotheses can be statistically rejected. 
For example, the data do not support the claim that Dmanisi hominins 
and all other early Homo specimens represent a single species, nor 
that the hobbit fossils are the remains of small-bodied modern humans, 
one of whom had Down syndrome. More broadly, our study provides a new 
baseline dataset for future work on hominin phylogeny and illustrates 
the promise of Bayesian approaches for understanding hominin 
phylogenetic relationships. 
http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/282/1812/20150943 

Also, Australopithecus sediba "groups with Homo and may be its 
ancestor" (but implying a stratigraphic gap of 300.000-800.000 years), 
and Sahelanthropus is the most basal hominin, followed by Ardipithecus 
(Orrorin was not included in this study). 

Pandora 

Scientists Prove Hobbit/Dmanisi Detractors Wrong for the Hundredth Time

Ancient human with more than 10% Neanderthal DNA found

Thanks again to JTEM:

NOTE:  No mention of mtDNA & y haplogroups, 
which is a terrible shame because they say 
this man (his people) likely left no living 
ancestors. Meaning, they had haplogroups 
not present in modern people... 

At least that's what I think they mean. 

Damn media! 

Quite frankly, he doesn't look ancient 
enough... 

http://news.discovery.com/human/genetics/ancient-human-with-10-percent-neanderthal-genes-found-150622.htm 

: DNA from a man who lived 40,000 years ago in Romania 
: reveals that up to 11 percent of his genome came from 
: Neanderthals. 

Which sounds about right if his great grand dad was 
a Neanderthal, and he lost the Neanderthal y chromosome. 

If he has the Neanderthal y Chromosome, then the 
Neanderthals likely go back further. 

Just saying. 

Yes other models do work. 

Ancient human with more than 10% Neanderthal DNA found

Gruesome Find: 100 Bodies Stuffed into Ancient House

A disease only contracted by those in the prime of their lives? 
My guess is that the epidemic was sexual or associated with what adults ate, as opposed to what children and the elderly ate... 


http://www.stumbleupon.com/su/4O7B9h/:gmpLUCD_:43wqzr$B/www.livescience.com/51662-100-bodies-found-prehistoric-house.html 

The remains of 97 human bodies have been found stuffed into a small 5,000-year-old house in a prehistoric village in northeast China, researchers report in two separate studies. 

The bodies of juveniles, young adults and middle-age adults were packed together in the house -- smaller than a modern-day squash court -- before it burnt down. Anthropologists who studied the remains say a "prehistoric disaster," possibly an epidemic of some sort, killed these people. 

The site, whose modern-day name is "Hamin Mangha," dates back to a time before writing was used in the area, when people lived in relatively small settlements, growing crops and hunting for food. The village contains the remains of pottery, grinding instruments, arrows and spearheads, providing information on their way of life. [In Photos: Remains of 'End of World' Epidemic Found in Ancient Egypt] 

"Hamin Mangha site is the largest and best-preserved prehistoric settlement site found to date in northeast China," a team of archaeologists wrote in a translated report published in the most recent edition of the journal Chinese Archaeology (the original report appeared in Chinese in the journal Kaogu). In one field season, between April and November 2011, the researchers found the foundations of 29 houses, most of which are simple one-room structures containing a hearth and doorway. 

Gruesome Find: 100 Bodies Stuffed into Ancient House

Unknown advanced Russian people?

http://www.rawstory.com/2015/08/russian-artifact-is-estimated-to-be-11000-years-old-say-scientists-6000-yrs-older-than-stonehenge/ 

This sculpture is older than Stonehenge and the 
pyramids COMBINED! 

Here's a better story: 

http://siberiantimes.com/science/casestudy/features/n0379-revelations-on-shigir-idol-change-our-understanding-of-ancient-civilisations/ 

I'm thinking that it has to be an artifact of 
preservation. That, "Technology" such as this 
was quite common everywhere, only it didn't last. 
It wasn't preserved. 

If you think of it, preservation on this scale 
would be incredibly rare. If anything remained 
of an object like this at all -- anything -- 
it would probably be just tiny fragments. It's 
unlikely we could even tell that it was once 
part of a moment. 

At least in 999999 cases out of a million. 

So it's entirely possible that we've found 
dozens or even thousands of such monuments 
all over the world, but we couldn't tell them 
apart from a random stick that fell off a 
tree... 

Let's face it, you could double the age of this 
object and it would STILL be thousands of years 
younger then the first carvings -- including 
human figures. So the "Technology" to produce 
such a moment was already extremely ancient by 
the time this one was made. This does not 
require that anyone ever APPLIED the technology 
is such a way, but they were certainly capable. 

No, sorry, I have to write this off NOT as a 
history "First," but as an artifact of preservation. 


Thanks JTEM who posted this on google groups

Unknown advanced Russian people?

Early hominins were small than previously thought

J Hum Evol. 2015 Aug;85:75-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.05.005.
Epub 2015 Jun 17.

Body mass estimates of hominin fossils and the evolution of human body
size.
Grabowski M, Hatala KG, Jungers WL, Richmond BG.

Abstract

Body size directly influences an animal's place in the natural world,
including its energy requirements, home range size, relative brain size,
locomotion, diet, life history, and behavior. Thus, an understanding of
the biology of extinct organisms, including species in our own lineage,
requires accurate estimates of body size. Since the last major review of
hominin body size based on postcranial morphology over 20 years ago, new
fossils have been discovered, species attributions have been clarified,
and methods improved. Here, we present the most comprehensive and
thoroughly vetted set of individual fossil hominin body mass predictions
to date, and estimation equations based on a large (n = 220) sample of
modern humans of known body masses. We also present species averages
based exclusively on fossils with reliable taxonomic attributions,
estimates of species averages by sex, and a metric for levels of sexual
dimorphism. Finally, we identify individual traits that appear to be the
most reliable for mass estimation for each fossil species, for use when
only one measurement is available for a fossil. Our results show that
many early hominins were generally smaller-bodied than previously
thought, an outcome likely due to larger estimates in previous studies
resulting from the use of large-bodied modern human reference samples.
Current evidence indicates that modern human-like large size first
appeared by at least 3-3.5 Ma in some Australopithecus afarensis
individuals. Our results challenge an evolutionary model arguing that
body size increased from Australopithecus to early Homo. Instead, we
show that there is no reliable evidence that the body size of
non-erectus early Homo differed from that of australopiths, and confirm
that Homo erectus evolved larger average body size than earlier
hominins. 

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26094042

Early hominins were small than previously thought

Postcranial morphology of the middle Pleistocene humans from Sima de los Huesos, Spain

Postcranial morphology of the middle Pleistocene humans from Sima de 
los Huesos, Spain. 

Current knowledge of the evolution of the postcranial skeleton in the 
genus Homo is hampered by a geographically and chronologically 
scattered fossil record. Here we present a complete characterization 
of the postcranium of the middle Pleistocene paleodeme from the Sima 
de los Huesos (SH) and its paleobiological implications. The SH 
hominins show the following: (i) wide bodies, a plesiomorphic 
character in the genus Homo inherited from their early hominin 
ancestors; (ii) statures that can be found in modern human 
middle-latitude populations that first appeared 1.6–1.5 Mya; and (iii) 
large femoral heads in some individuals, a trait that first appeared 
during the middle Pleistocene in Africa and Europe. The 
intrapopulational size variation in SH shows that the level of 
dimorphism was similar to modern humans (MH), but the SH hominins were 
less encephalized than Neandertals. SH shares many postcranial 
anatomical features with Neandertals. Although most of these features 
appear to be either plesiomorphic retentions or are of uncertain 
phylogenetic polarity, a few represent Neandertal apomorphies. 
Nevertheless, the full suite of Neandertal-derived features is not yet 
present in the SH population. The postcranial evidence is consistent 
with the hypothesis based on the cranial morphology that the SH 
hominins are a sister group to the later Neandertals. Comparison of 
the SH postcranial skeleton to other hominins suggests that the 
evolution of the postcranium occurred in a mosaic mode, both at a 
general and at a detailed level. Postcranial morphology of the middle Pleistocene humans from Sima de los Huesos, Spain

Postcranial morphology of the middle Pleistocene humans from Sima de los Huesos, Spain

Rethinking the dispersal of Homo sapiens out of Africa

Rethinking the dispersal of Homo sapiens out of Africa. 

Current fossil, genetic, and archeological data indicate that Homo 
sapiens originated in Africa in the late Middle Pleistocene. By the 
end of the Late Pleistocene, our species was distributed across every 
continent except Antarctica, setting the foundations for the 
subsequent demographic and cultural changes of the Holocene. The 
intervening processes remain intensely debated and a key theme in 
hominin evolutionary studies. We review archeological, fossil, 
environmental, and genetic data to evaluate the current state of 
knowledge on the dispersal of Homo sapiens out of Africa. The emerging 
picture of the dispersal process suggests dynamic behavioral 
variability, complex interactions between populations, and an 
intricate genetic and cultural legacy. This evolutionary and 
historical complexity challenges simple narratives and suggests that 
hybrid models and the testing of explicit hypotheses are required to 
understand the expansion of Homo sapiens into Eurasia. 
Rethinking the dispersal of Homo sapiens out of Africa

Rethinking the dispersal of Homo sapiens out of Africa

Homo Naledi Buried Their Dead

New facts on a species of homo that lived nearly 2 million years ago and buried their dead in ritual fashion
:south africa fossils new species human ancestor homo naledi

south african hominin fossil

Homo Naledi Buried Their Dead

Blacksmiths In 70,000 BC?

Early modern humans living on the southern Africa coast employed pyrotechnology, the controlled use of fire, 72,000 years ago,  to increase the quality and efficiency of their stone tool manufacturing process, according to a report in Science.

The international team of researchers deduces that "this technology required a novel association between fire, its heat, and a structural change in stone with consequent flaking benefits." Further, they say their findings ignite the notion of complex cognition in early man.

If their findings hold up, it could mean humans' ability to solve complex problems may have occurred at the same time their modern genetic lineage appeared, rather than developing later as has been widely speculated...

http://www.science20.com/news_articles/blacksmiths_70000_bc

Blacksmiths In 70,000 BC?

Of Phorusrhacidae, Raptors, and Dragons

Mainstream science holds that birds evolved from bird-like raptors beginning sometime in the jurassic period.
In fact, it's been said often in recent years that birds ARE dinosaurs, and that raptors have very few traits distinguishing them from birds. Still, orthodoxy dictates that birds evolved from only ONE species of raptor, and that all the thousands of species of bird descend from the direct proto-bird ancestor of this one species of raptor. It has even been shown that all raptors likely had feathers or at least proto-feathers, even the famous T-rex...which has finally solved the riddle of why T-Rex arms are so small compared to the rest of it's morphology; they are not arms at all but 'wings' used for balancing.
However, there has been much debate about which raptor is the direct ancestor of birds. What's more, there is no evidence that all birds evolved from only one species of raptor. The greatest argument for a one-raptor origin is that the developement of flight likely only occurred once in avian evolution.
That may likely be the case, and I do not dispute it. However, I do dispute the idea that all birds had an ancestor who could fly; there is no reason at all for this to be so.
According to wikipedia, "Phorusrhacids, colloquially known as terror birds, are an extinct clade of large carnivorous flightless birds that were the largest species of apex predators in South America during the Cenozoic, 62–2.5 million years (Ma) ago."

62 million years ago is the time period where fossils start showing up again in abundance on the planet after the K2 event, which supposedly destroyed the dinosaurs, and not long after South America broke away from Africa.
for 10 thousand years before and after the proposed time of K2, fossils become scarce over the entire planet. However, many animals that lived before and after K2 do not have any fossils from this "blank period" of our fossil record. So we know that just because we don't find a fossil of an animal between 80 thousand and 65 thousand years ago, doesn't mean that it wasn't around. In fact scientists have found a refugium in North America where dinosaurs survived for at least several thousand years past the K2 event, and are likely to find more of these 'refugium."
About Phorusrhacids, wikipedia goes on to say, 
 "Phorusrhacids may have even made their way into Africa, with the genus Lavocatavis recently discovered in Algeria, although its status as a true phorusrhacid is questionable.^[8] A possible European form, Eleutherornis, has also been identified, suggesting that this group had a wider geographical range in the Paleogene."
But did they really "make their way" to Africa, or were they already there before the continental split?

We can believe that one dinosaurid raptor evolved into a proto-bird and all modern birds evolved from that one proto-bird....and then only one species of those thousands of species of birds evolved BACK into a 10 foot tall raptor on three separate continents... 
OR, we can believe that Phorusrhacids evolved directly from a raptor and never flew at all. 
The latter is infinitely more probable, since the differences between the the youngest bird-like raptors and birds are pretty much non-existent. 
If you look at the skeleton of a terror bird, it's pretty much identical to a bird-like raptor from just before the K2 event. Terror birds show back up as soon as fossils become abundant again right after the K2 event.
But when you look at the reconstruction of a terror bird, most artist try to make it look bird-like because of their preconceived notions. Likewise, most artists still draw T-Rex without feathers on it's arms or even the spindly proto-feathers that covered it's body.
Below is a drawing of several bird-like raptors from just before the K2 event.
Utahraptor in particular looks more like a dragon than any dinosaur I've ever seen.
It may be that Phorusrhacids looked more like this artists rendition than the way it is usually portrayed (basically like a big ostritch, which it wasn't!)
Man met Phorusrhacids in South America, and may have met the beast in Africa and Europe too.
There were other giant birds to meet in Oceana, and their evolutionary track is still largely unknown.
Were terror birds raptors? Were raptors dragons?
They sure like dragons to me, and if they could jump and use those little wings to slow the descent a little bit when pouncing on their prey...it would look just like flight to a puny little man on the receiving end of predation.

Of Phorusrhacidae, Raptors, and Dragons

All Human beings have Two things in Common: Mitochondrial Eve and the LM3 Insertion

What is it that separates us all from archaic humans such as Neanderthal, Heidelberg and Denisovan?
Since the finding of archaic introgression and and a Y Chromosome lineage that split off 325 thousand years ago or longer, that question has become harder to answer.
Our anatomy is the most obvious answer, since everyone on the planet today shares an anatomy with homo sapien sapiens who lived 115 thousand years ago or longer in Africa, West Asia, and  Southern China. Descent from a common mother who lived in Africa 200k ago or whose earliest divergent lineage is now confined to Africa is another obvious answer.
But is there anything else?
Mitochondrial Eve was likely chinless but otherwise anatomically modern..
Y DNA Adam on the other hand is now a known archaic, since anatomical moderns are not known from 325k ago.
We can of course hypothesize that 325 thousand year old y haplogroup A00 is an example of introgression a population with it's suite of anatomical features already intact, so this is not necessarily cause to dismiss Y Adam as a needed component for modernity.
However, there is something else besides mito Eve that every population on earth has in common, and that is evidence of a past presence of mtDNA haplogroup LM3.

LM3 is a maternal haplogroup that split off from our own about the same time as Y haplogroup A00.
It was the haplogroup of Mungo Man, a fossil anatomically modern human (with a chin) from Australia that is dated to between 40k and 60k ago. Some have claimed that it is the fearliest indisputably modern fossil we have, though this idea has fallen out of favor. It is more gracile than later and even possible modern Australian aborigines with height estimates that range from 6'4 to 6'6.
Though it's maternal lineage is extinct, an erroneous insertion of it's mtDNA is widespread across the globe.
It's lowest frequency is in African pygmies, and it's highest in Japanese (Ainu?) and an isolated population of South American Indians.
So what does this all mean?
Looking at the chart above, since none of our ancestors really seem to match up with our nuclear DNA tree...could we have gotten our shared traits from a ghost population?

Joe Lyon Layden is a prehistoric fiction author and primitive musician. To receive a free copy of this entire novella "The Man from Parkho Khatune Bears Favor," as well as three free songs and monthly updates, freebies, and discounts on Joe's ongoing work, please sign up for the newsletter below.

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All Human beings have Two things in Common: Mitochondrial Eve and the LM3 Insertion