Ancient mtDNA sequences from the First Australians revisited
Abstract
The publication in 2001 by Adcock et al. [Adcock GJ, et al. (2001)
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(2):537–542] in PNAS reported the recovery of
short mtDNA sequences from ancient Australians, including the
42,000-y-old Mungo Man [Willandra Lakes Hominid (WLH3)]. This landmark
study in human ancient DNA suggested that an early modern human
mitochondrial lineage emerged in Asia and that the theory of modern
human origins could no longer be considered solely through the lens of
the “Out of Africa” model. To evaluate these claims, we used second
generation DNA sequencing and capture methods as well as PCR-based and
single-primer extension (SPEX) approaches to reexamine the same four
Willandra Lakes and Kow Swamp 8 (KS8) remains studied in the work by
Adcock et al. Two of the remains sampled contained no identifiable
human DNA (WLH15 and WLH55), whereas the Mungo Man (WLH3) sample
contained no Aboriginal Australian DNA. KS8 reveals human mitochondrial
sequences that differ from the previously inferred sequence. Instead,
we recover a total of five modern European contaminants from Mungo Man
(WLH3). We show that the remaining sample (WLH4) contains ~1.4% human
DNA, from which we assembled two complete mitochondrial genomes. One of
these was a previously unidentified Aboriginal Australian haplotype
belonging to haplogroup S2 that we sequenced to a high coverage. The
other was a contaminating modern European mitochondrial haplotype.
Although none of the sequences that we recovered matched those reported
by Adcock et al., except a contaminant, these findings show the
feasibility of obtaining important information from ancient Aboriginal
Australian remains. http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/06/01/1521066113.full.pdf?sid=60ba834c-a03d-4a6f-8db0-4c147d04c0bd
Abstract
The publication in 2001 by Adcock et al. [Adcock GJ, et al. (2001)
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(2):537–542] in PNAS reported the recovery of
short mtDNA sequences from ancient Australians, including the
42,000-y-old Mungo Man [Willandra Lakes Hominid (WLH3)]. This landmark
study in human ancient DNA suggested that an early modern human
mitochondrial lineage emerged in Asia and that the theory of modern
human origins could no longer be considered solely through the lens of
the “Out of Africa” model. To evaluate these claims, we used second
generation DNA sequencing and capture methods as well as PCR-based and
single-primer extension (SPEX) approaches to reexamine the same four
Willandra Lakes and Kow Swamp 8 (KS8) remains studied in the work by
Adcock et al. Two of the remains sampled contained no identifiable
human DNA (WLH15 and WLH55), whereas the Mungo Man (WLH3) sample
contained no Aboriginal Australian DNA. KS8 reveals human mitochondrial
sequences that differ from the previously inferred sequence. Instead,
we recover a total of five modern European contaminants from Mungo Man
(WLH3). We show that the remaining sample (WLH4) contains ~1.4% human
DNA, from which we assembled two complete mitochondrial genomes. One of
these was a previously unidentified Aboriginal Australian haplotype
belonging to haplogroup S2 that we sequenced to a high coverage. The
other was a contaminating modern European mitochondrial haplotype.
Although none of the sequences that we recovered matched those reported
by Adcock et al., except a contaminant, these findings show the
feasibility of obtaining important information from ancient Aboriginal
Australian remains. http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/06/01/1521066113.full.pdf?sid=60ba834c-a03d-4a6f-8db0-4c147d04c0bd
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